What is the Flu?

The flu, or influenza, is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by the influenza virus. It can range in severity from a mild cold to a serious, life-threatening illness. The flu is spread through the air by respiratory droplets when an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes. It can also be spread by touching contaminated surfaces or objects and then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes.

Symptoms of the Flu

Symptoms of the flu typically come on suddenly and can include:

• Fever
• Cough
• Sore throat
• Runny or stuffy nose
• Muscle or body aches
• Fatigue
• Vomiting and diarrhea (more common in children than adults)

Complications of the Flu

While most people recover from the flu within a few weeks, it can lead to serious complications, particularly in certain populations such as older adults, young children, pregnant women, and people with underlying medical conditions. Complications of the flu can include:

• Pneumonia
• Bronchitis
• Sinus infections
• Ear infections
• Worsening of chronic medical conditions, such as asthma or heart failure

Diagnosis and Treatment of the Flu

If you suspect that you have the flu, it is important to see a healthcare provider as soon as possible, especially if you are at high risk for complications. A rapid flu test can confirm a diagnosis of the flu. Antiviral medications, such as oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza), can be effective in reducing the severity and duration of the flu if started within the first 48 hours of symptom onset. These medications can also help prevent complications of the flu. In addition, over-the-counter pain relievers and warm liquids can help to reduce fever and muscle aches.

Prevention of the Flu

The best way to prevent the flu is to get vaccinated every year. The flu vaccine is typically available in the fall and is recommended for everyone 6 months of age and older. In addition to getting vaccinated, you can reduce your risk of getting the flu by washing your hands frequently, covering your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze, and avoiding close contact with people who are sick.

When to See a Doctor

If you experience severe symptoms of the flu, such as difficulty breathing or chest pain, or if you have a fever above 103°F (39°C), it is important to see a healthcare provider as soon as possible. These may be signs of a more serious complication that requires medical treatment.